Leonid Meteor Shower on Nov 16/17
Marc Gyssens, International Meteor Organisation (IMO)
Observers saw no unusual activity during the nights of November 15/16 and 16/17, though certains variations in the activity level require further scrutiny.
Zenithal hourly rates (ZHRs) seem to have risen from about 10 +/- 5 around Nov 16, 0h UT, to about 45 +/- 5 by 4h UT. After that, the picture becomes less clear. Observers at the Canary Islands report high rates at the beginning of their observations, resulting in a peak with ZHR around 110 +/- 20 at 6h00m +/- 5m UT. Activity drops again down to about 65 +/- 20 afterwards, but American observers report average activity around 100 +/- 10 between 6h45m and 8h30m UT, with a possible peak around 8h10m +/- 10m of 150 +/- 20. Afterwards, activity drops again significantly to 45 +/- 10 by 9h00m UT.
Due caution is needed in interpreting these activity variation, for the following reasons:
- Only a few observations contributed to each peak. Unexperienced or very perceptive observers can "inflate" ZHRs. On the other hand, the peaks cannot be explained away by averaging effects alone, as they are also noticeable in the individual observations of the observers involved.
- The bright Last Quarter Moon is a disturbing factor in the observations which is not easy to account for exactly. Several observers, both in Europe and North America, report to have seen their best activity during the beginning of their observation. One may speculate the continuous hindrance from the bright light of the Moon made observers less perceptive for fainter meteors after a while, resulting in a "decreasing peak branch" at the beginning of their observations.
If the above-mentioned variations in activity are real, however, the Nov 16, 6h45m-8h30m UT enhancement in activity with a possible peak around 8h10m UT may be associated with the Earth passing the outer regions of the 1932 (2 revolutions old) dust trail of the parent comet, 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, for which a possible activity enhancement was predicted at 7h53m UT by (among others) Asher and McNaught.
The following observers have contributed data immediately after the event, from which the ZHR profile given below has been derived:
Birger Andresen, Joseph Assmus, Neil Bone, Andreas Buchmann, Marc de Lignie, Petros Georgopoulos, Robin Gray, Rosely Gregio, Valentin Grigore, Wayne Hally, Zoltan Hevesi, Janne Pyykkoe, Robert Lunsford, Alastair McBeath, Gilberto Klar Renner, Josep Trigo, Vishnu Vardhan, Cis Verbeeck, Jean-Marc Wislez, Ju Zhao, Jin Zhu, Xiaojin Zhu.
Date Time (UT) Sol. long. Intervals Leonids ZHR +-
(2000.0)
---------------------------------------------------------
Nov 15 22h05m 243.848 2 11 13 4
Nov 16 03h33m 234.067 1 7 8 3
Nov 16 21h16m 234.820 6 44 20 3
Nov 17 3h23m 235.076 5 37 40 7
Nov 17 4h47m 235.136 9 74 47 5
Nov 17 6h00m 235.187 3 30 108 20
Nov 17 6h16m 235.198 3 16 66 17
Nov 17 6h30m 235.208 3 11 63 19
Nov 17 7h22m 235.244 11 91 98 10
Nov 17 9h19m 235.322 5 31 45 8
---------------------------------------------------------
ZHRs are computed with a population index of 2.0, zenithal exponent of 1.0.
---
Marc Gyssens, 2000 November 17, 16h UT.
wgn@imo.net
---
Leonid Meteor Shower (1st update): Nov 16/17
Marc Gyssens, International Meteor Organisation (IMO)
--- 1st update ---
Observers saw no unusual activity during the nights of November 15/16 and 16/17, though certain variations in the activity level require further scrutiny. Additional observations since the previous release confirm a peak around 8h UT.
Zenithal hourly rates (ZHRs) seem to have risen from about 10 +/- 5 around Nov 16, 0h UT, to about 40 +/- 5 by Nov 17, 4h UT. After that, the picture becomes less clear. Observers at the Canary Islands report high rates at the beginning of their observations, resulting in a peak with ZHR around 110 +/- 20 at Nov 17, 6h00m +/- 5m UT. Activity drops again down to about 60 +/- 15 afterwards, but American observers report average activity around 105 +/- 10 between Nov 17, 6h45m and Nov, 17, 8h30m UT, with a possible peak around Nov 17, 8h10m +/- 10m of 150 +/- 20. Afterwards, activity drops again significantly to 45 +/- 10 by Nov 17, 9h00m UT.
The Nov 17, 6h00m UT peak is essentially based on 2 (non-independent) observations from Tenerife (Canary Islands) and is still in need of independent confirmation. The peak was reported at the beginning of the observations. We may not forget that the bright Last Quarter Moon is a disturbing factor which is not easy to account for exactly. Several other observers, both in Europe and North America, report to have seen their best activity during the beginning of their observation. One may speculate the continuous hindrance from the bright light of the Moon makes observers less perceptive for fainter meteors after a while, resulting in a "decreasing peak branch" at the beginning of their observations.
The Nov 17, 6h45m-8h30m UT activity enhancement with possible peak around Nov 17, 8h10m +/- 10m UT is in good agreement with a note from Pavel Koten (Ondrejov Observatory) who detected two peaks with their backscatter meteor radar, at Nov 17, 8h02m and 8h15m UT, respectively. Tentatively, this period of increased activity, in particular the peak(s), may be associated with the Earth passing the outer regions of the 1932 (2 revolutions old) dust trail of the parent comet, 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, for which a possible activity enhancement was predicted at Nov 17, 7h53m UT by (among others) Asher and McNaught.
The following observers have contributed data immediately after the event, from which the ZHR profile given below has been derived:
Birger Andresen, Joseph Assmus, Neil Bone, Andreas Buchmann, Marc de Lignie, Petros Georgopoulos, Robin Gray, Rosely Gregio, Valentin Grigore, Wayne Hally, Zoltan Hevesi, Robert Leyland, Mike Linnolt, Robert Lunsford, Alastair McBeath, Norman W. McLeod III, Michael Nezel, Arvid Parnajpye, Janne Pyykkoe, Gilberto Klar Renner, Josep Trigo, Arnold Tukkers, Vishnu Vardhan, George Varros, Cis Verbeeck, Jean-Marc Wislez, Ju Zhao, Jin Zhu, Xiaojin Zhu.
Date Time (UT) Sol. long. Intervals Leonids ZHR +-
(2000.0)
---------------------------------------------------------
Nov 15 22h05m 243.848 2 11 13 4
Nov 16 03h33m 234.067 1 7 8 3
Nov 16 21h16m 234.820 6 44 20 3
Nov 17 3h02m 235.062 9 50 33 4
Nov 17 4h53m 235.141 10 74 47 5
Nov 17 6h00m 235.187 3 30 108 20
Nov 17 6h16m 235.198 3 16 66 17
Nov 17 6h36m 235.212 4 22 57 12
Nov 17 7h59m 235.270 10 117 104 10
Nov 17 9h25m 235.330 10 64 44 5
Nov 17 13h15m 235.491 4 35 52 9
---------------------------------------------------------
ZHRs are computed with a population index of 2.0, zenithal exponent of 1.0.
---
Marc Gyssens, 2000 November 17, 23h UT.
wgn@imo.net
---
Leonid Meteor Shower (2nd update)
Marc Gyssens, International Meteor Organisation (IMO)
--- 2nd update ---
Update on Nov 16/17
First results on Asian/European observations on Nov 17/18
--------------------
During the night of Nov 16/17, nothing unusual was seen, except for two peaks on Nov 17, around 6h UT and 8h UT, respectively. Additional information indicates that both peaks are real.
During the night of Nov 17/18, a broad maximum is noticeable with Zenithal Hourly Rates (ZHRs) above 200 between roughly Nov 18, 1h30m UT and Nov 18, 5h UT, culminating around the time of the predicted Nov 18, 3h44m UT peak with ZHRs around 300. At this time, we have insufficient data to conclude anything about the predicted Nov 18, 7h51m UT peak.
The Nov 17, 6h00m UT peak of 110 +/- 20 is essentially based on 2 (non-independent) observations from Tenerife (Canary Islands). Since our previous release, however, David Martinez-Delgado and Pablo Rodriguez-Gil, also on Tenerife, but on a site where cirrus clouds prevented regular observations, report that they, too, noticed an enhancement of the activity around 6h00m UT, with approximately 1 meteor per minute for 10 minutes.
The Nov 17, 6h45m-8h30m UT activity enhancement (ZHR = 105 +/- 5) with possible peak around Nov 17, 8h10m +/- 10m UT (ZHR = 150 +/- 20) is in good agreement with a note from Pavel Koten (Ondrejov Observatory) who detected two peaks with their backscatter meteor radar, at Nov 17, 8h02m and 8h15m UT, respectively. Tentatively, this period of increased activity, in particular the peak(s), may be associated with the Earth passing the outer regions of the 1932 (2 revolutions old) dust trail of the parent comet, 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, for which a possible activity enhancement was predicted at Nov 17, 7h53m UT by (among others) Asher and McNaught.
With regard to the Nov 17/18 data, the most striking feature is the large scatter among individual ZHR values, doubtlessly due to the disturbing influence of the bright Last Quarter Moon, which cannot easily be accounted for exactly. As a consequence, all observations must be interpreted with great care.
Nevertheless, the averages exhibit a clear pattern. Rates start rising around Nov 17, 22h UT, and reach values above 200 from about Nov 18, 1h30m UT onward. ZHRs continue to rise until they almost reach the value of 300 around 3h45m +/- 15m UT. Afterwards, the rates drop again. Whether the increase in the last line of the table below is genuine, remains uncertain at this point. Almost all observations which contributed to this last value were done under very good sky conditions (apart from the Moon, of course), which in itself may already suffice to explain this slight anomaly. It must be emphasized that the Nov 18, 3h45m UT peak in this broad maximum is not very pronounced. Tentatively, this maximum may be associated with the 1733 (8 revolutions old) dust trail of the parent comet, 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, for which a possible activity enhancement was predicted around Nov 18, 3h44m UT by Asher and McNaught. Whether the end of the period covered by the table below shows the beginning of a second maximum, possibly due to the 1866 (4 revolutions old) dust trail of 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, for which Asher and McNaught predicted a possible activity enhancement around Nov 18, 7h51m UT, remains to be seen.
The following observers have contributed data immediately after the event, from which the ZHR profile given below has been derived:
Birger Andresen, Rainer Arlt, Adrian Arquiola, Joseph Assmus, Jure Atanackov, Neha Bhandari, Lukasz Bielun, Lukas Bolz, Neil Bone, Andreas Buchmann, Marc de Lignie, Frank Enzlein, Magdalena Gawla, Petros Georgopoulos, Roberto Gorelli, Robin Gray, Rosely Gregio, Valentin Grigore, Wayne Hally, Zoltan Hevesi, Tamas Hubay, Javor Kac, Primoz Kajdic, Akos Kereszturi, Vinit Kulkarni, Zsolt Lantos, Harry J. Lehto, Robert Leyland, Mike Linnolt, Robert Lunsford, Alastair McBeath, Norman W. McLeod III, Sirko Molau, Kiyohide Nakamura, Piotr Nawalkowski, Michael Nezel, Arkadiusz Olech, Arvid Parnajpye, Natasa Petelin, Szaniszlo Prohaszka, Nilesh V. Puntambekar, Tushar Purohit, Janne Pyykkoe, Guo-ming Qin, Gilberto Klar Renner, Kulkarni Rhishikesh, Victor R. Ruiz, Mikiya Sato, Tomoko Sato, Konrad Szaruga, Kazumi Terakubo, Mihaela Triglav, Josep Trigo, Arnold Tukkers, Varada Vaidya, Vishnu Vardhan, George Varros, Cis Verbeeck, Jean-Marc Wislez, Anna Witas, Oliver Wunsk, Ju Zhao, Jin Zhu, Xiaojin Zhu.
Date Time (UT) Sol. long. Intervals Leonids ZHR +-
(2000.0)
---------------------------------------------------------
Nov 15 22h05m 243.848 2 11 13 4
Nov 16 03h33m 234.067 1 7 8 3
Nov 16 21h16m 234.820 6 44 20 3
Nov 17 3h02m 235.062 9 50 33 4
Nov 17 4h53m 235.141 10 74 47 5
Nov 17 6h00m 235.187 3 30 108 20
Nov 17 6h16m 235.198 3 16 66 17
Nov 17 6h36m 235.212 4 22 57 12
Nov 17 7h59m 235.270 10 117 104 10
Nov 17 9h25m 235.330 10 64 44 5
Nov 17 13h15m 235.491 4 35 52 9
Nov 17 19h26m 235.752 7 58 58 8
Nov 17 22h51m 235.896 7 139 106 9
Nov 18 00h26m 235.962 5 30 107 20
Nov 18 01h15m 235.996 11 119 159 15
Nov 18 01h48m 236.019 10 193 213 15
Nov 18 02h16m 236.039 18 377 214 11
Nov 18 02h44m 236.058 16 283 209 12
Nov 18 03h19m 236.083 18 369 220 12
Nov 18 03h47m 236.102 33 493 292 13
Nov 18 04h15m 236.122 29 459 233 11
Nov 18 04h45m 236.143 14 116 225 21
Nov 18 05h27m 236.159 17 416 263 13
---------------------------------------------------------
ZHRs are computed with a population index of 2.0, zenithal exponent of 1.0.
---
Marc Gyssens, 2000 November 18, 11h UT.
wgn@imo.net
---
Leonid Meteor Shower (3rd update)
Marc Gyssens, International Meteor Organisation (IMO)
--- 3rd update ---
Update on Nov 17/18
Also including American observations
--------------------
During the night of Nov 17/18, a broad maximum is noticeable with Zenithal Hourly Rates (ZHRs) above 200 between roughly Nov 18, 1h30m UT and Nov 18, 5h UT, culminating around the time of the predicted Nov 18, 3h44m UT peak with ZHRs around 300. Around Nov 18, 5h UT, the descending branch of this peak merges with the ascending branch of a second, equally broad but somewhat higher maximum with ZHRs above 200 between roughly Nov 18, 5h UT and Nov 18, 8h30m UT, culminating around Nov 18, 7h15m with a peak ZHR around 450, about half an hour earlier than the predicted Nov 17, 7h51m UT peak.
With regard to the Nov 17/18 data, the most striking feature is the large scatter among individual ZHR values, doubtlessly due to the disturbing influence of the bright Last Quarter Moon, which cannot easily be accounted for exactly. As a consequence, all observations must be interpreted with great care.
Nevertheless, the averages exhibit a clear pattern. Rates start rising around Nov 17, 22h UT, and reach values above 200 from about Nov 18, 1h30m UT onward. ZHRs continue to rise until they almost reach the value of 300 around Nov 18, 3h45m +/- 15m UT. Afterwards, the rates drop again. Towards the end of the European observing window, rates no longer fall and tend to increase again. This increase is matched with the start of the American observing window which starts with a steady increase in rates reaching the value of 300 already around Nov 18, 5h30m UT. Rates continue to rise to a level of 450 around Nov 18, 7h15m +/- 15m UT. Afterwards, rates drop sharply. Around Nov 18, 10hUT, rates become comparable with the activity level before the first maximum.
Tentatively, the first maximum may be associated with the 1733 (8 revolutions old) dust trail of the parent comet, 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, for which a possible activity enhancement was predicted around Nov 18, 3h44m UT by Asher and McNaught.
Similarly, the second maximum may be associated with the 1866 (4 revolutions old) dust trail of 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, for which Asher and McNaught predicted a possible activity enhancement around Nov 18, 7h51m UT, although the present data suggests that this second maximum peaked about half an hour earlier.
Radar data from Ondrejov Observatory, communicated by Pavel Koten, and the Leibniz Institute for Atmospheric Physics, communicated by Ulf von Zahn, confirm the general picture exhibited by the visual observations. At this time, however, we do not wish to make strong statements about the precise positions of the respective peaks of the two maxima, as they are not very sharp. Nevertheless, it must be mentioned that several individual North-American observers at very different locations explicitly reported that they had the impression the second peak occurred earlier than predicted.
Finally, we wish to observe that many observers mentioned that the two maxima were rich in bright meteors. Whether this is a subjective impression or an objective fact can only be decided from a careful analysis of the magnitude distributions, which is beyond the scope of these first releases.
The following observers have contributed data immediately after the event, from which the ZHR profile given below has been derived:
Birger Andresen, Rainer Arlt, Adrian Arquiola, Joseph Assmus, Jure Atanackov, Felix Bettonvil, Neha Bhandari, Lukasz Bielun, Lukas Bolz, Neil Bone, Michael Boschat, Andreas Buchmann, Bill Burton, Christian Castillo, Susan Delaney, Marc de Lignie, Michael Doyle, Frank Enzlein, Yuwei Fan, Magdalena Gawla, Petros Georgopoulos, Roberto Gorelli, Lew Gramer, Robin Gray, Rosely Gregio, Valentin Grigore, Wayne Hally, Roberto Haver, Zoltan Hevesi, Tamas Hubay, Emmanuel Jehin, Kevin Jones, Tomsilav Jurkic, Javor Kac, Primoz Kajdic, Akos Kereszturi, Albert Kong, Wen Kou, John Krempasky, Vinit Kulkarni, Zsolt Lantos, Ken Legal, Harry J. Lehto, Robert Leyland, Mike Linnolt, Jerry Lodriguss, Robert Lunsford, Pierre Martin, Jose A.R. Martins, S. Maticic, Alastair McBeath, Norman W. McLeod III, Huan Meng, H. Mikuz, Sirko Molau, Kiyohide Nakamura, Piotr Nawalkowski, Michael Nezel, Dragana Okolic, Arkadiusz Olech, Kazuhiro Osada, Alexei Pace, Arvid Parnajpye, Natasa Petelin, Ulhas Pradhan, Szaniszlo Prohaszka, Mayuresh Prabhune, Nilesh V. Puntambekar, Tushar Purohit, Janne Pyykkoe, Guo-ming Qin, Francisco A. Rodriguez Ramirez, Gaurav Rathod, Gilberto Klar Renner, Kulkarni Rhishikesh, Manuel S. Ruiz, Victor R. Ruiz, Carlos Saraiva, Mikiya Sato, Tomoko Sato, Miguel A. Serra, Brian Shulist, Yuying Song, Bjoern Soerheim, Konrad Szaruga, Richard Taibi, Kazumi Terakubo, Sanjay Thorat, Mihaela Triglav, Josep Trigo, Arnold Tukkers, Varada Vaidya, Erwin van Ballegoij, Vishnu Vardhan, George Varros, Cis Verbeeck, Jean-Marc Wislez, Anna Witas, Jonderko Wojciech, Oliver Wunsk, Dan Xia, Karen Young, Ju Zhao, Jin Zhong, Jin Zhu, Xiaojin Zhu.
Mark Davis was instrumental in forwarding observations sent to the Meteorobs mailing list.
Date Time (UT) Sol. long. Intervals Leonids ZHR +-
(2000.0)
---------------------------------------------------------
Nov 15 22h05m 243.848 2 11 13 4
Nov 16 03h33m 234.067 1 7 8 3
Nov 16 21h16m 234.820 6 44 20 3
Nov 17 3h02m 235.062 9 50 33 4
Nov 17 4h53m 235.141 10 74 47 5
Nov 17 6h00m 235.187 3 30 108 20
Nov 17 6h16m 235.198 3 16 66 17
Nov 17 6h36m 235.212 4 22 57 12
Nov 17 7h59m 235.270 10 117 104 10
Nov 17 9h25m 235.330 10 64 44 5
Nov 17 15h00m 235.565 7 74 50 6
Nov 17 19h22m 235.750 14 237 69 5
Nov 17 23h01m 235.903 9 164 102 8
Nov 18 00h27m 235.963 7 62 101 13
Nov 18 01h14m 235.995 15 170 161 12
Nov 18 01h47m 236.018 13 264 219 14
Nov 18 02h17m 236.040 25 496 211 10
Nov 18 02h45m 236.059 24 518 232 10
Nov 18 03h17m 236.082 31 668 236 9
Nov 18 03h46m 236.101 45 809 296 10
Nov 18 04h14m 236.121 41 827 247 9
Nov 18 04h45m 236.143 21 274 218 13
Nov 18 05h13m 236.163 17 440 225 11
Nov 18 05h44m 236.184 11 404 336 17
Nov 18 06h22m 236.211 13 346 337 18
Nov 18 07h12m 236.246 10 547 457 20
Nov 18 07h45m 236.269 15 372 374 19
Nov 18 08h14m 236.289 14 555 272 12
Nov 18 08h40m 236.308 8 133 152 13
Nov 18 09h22m 236.337 9 222 80 5
Nov 18 11h08m 236.411 9 162 42 3
---------------------------------------------------------
ZHRs are computed with a population index of 2.0, zenithal
exponent of 1.0.
---
Marc Gyssens, 2000 November 19, 2h UT.
wgn@imo.net
---
on 2000 Leonid Meteor Shower
Marc Gyssens, International Meteor Organisation (IMO)
-- final update --
Update on Nov 17/18 (American observations)
Preliminary results of Nov 18/19
--------------------
A word of thanks
----------------
First, I want to emphasize that this is the last update you receive in connection with the IMO's 2000 Leonids Rapid Communication Network. I wish to thank all observers who made this endeavor possible. Most of them are acknowledged below, but some may have been forgotten in the heat of the battle against time to get these releases out as soon as possible. Other observers sent their first reports too late to be included, but also their efforts are appreciated. Now that the general picture of the profile of the 2000 Leonid Meteor Shower has been exhibited, the goal of this Network has been achieved. Expect to see a more comprehensive first analysis of the 2000 Leonid Meteor Shower in the December issue of WGN, the Bimonthly Journal of the International Meteor Organization. For that purpose, please send your full observing reports as soon as possible to the IMO's Visual Commission Director, Rainer Arlt. As this is the last release, there is no need anymore to send "quick reports" to me!
Update
------
Since the last release, a few American observations pertaining to Nov 17/18 have been added, as well as the (few) observations we received pertaining to Nov 18/19. The former do not change the picture sketched in our previous release; the latter show the activity slowly fading away, without any obvious unusual features.
With regard to the Nov 17/18 observations, the additional data tend to lower some ZHRs slightly (the value for the Nov 18, 7h15m +/- 15m peak being lowered from about 450 to about 420, for example), but do not at all change the general picture.
With regard to the scarce Nov 18/19 observations available yet, neither Japanese, nor European, nor American data indicate anything unusual. By Nov 18, 10h UT, Leonid ZHRs reached the level before the rise to the Nov 18, 3h45m peak again. Since then, they continued to drop to a level of 10 +/- 5 by Nov 19, 9h UT. It must be noted that not too much importance should be attached at this point to the plateau in the activity profile suggested by the table below between Nov 18, 11h UT and Nov 19, 2h UT. As they are computed from data from few different observers, the perception of an individual observer can greatly influence the final result.
Despite a large scatter among individual observers' ZHR values - not only because of differences in perception, but also because of the disturbing Last Quarter Moon, the influence of which on observations goes beyond what can be taken into account by a reduction based on the stellar limiting magnitude - the totality of the observations exhibit a clear pattern explained in this and previous releases. Because of the larger scatter, however, great care remains necessary in further interpreting the observations!
The following observers have contributed data immediately after the event, from which the ZHR profile given below has been derived:
Birger Andresen, Rainer Arlt, Adrian Arquiola, Joseph Assmus, Jure Atanackov, Felix Bettonvil, Neha Bhandari, Lukasz Bielun, Lukas Bolz, Neil Bone, Michael Boschat, Andreas Buchmann, Bill Burton, Christian Castillo, Asdai Diaz, Susan Delaney, Marc de Lignie, Michael Doyle, Frank Enzlein, Yuwei Fan, Magdalena Gawla, Petros Georgopoulos, Roberto Gorelli, Lew Gramer, Robin Gray, Rosely Gregio, Valentin Grigore, Rafael Haag, Wayne Hally, Roberto Haver, Zoltan Hevesi, Ken Hodonsky,Ken Hodonsky, David Holman, Tamas Hubay, Brigitte Humphries, Emmanuel Jehin, Kevin Jones, Tomsilav Jurkic, Javor Kac, Primoz Kajdic, Akos Kereszturi, Albert Kong, Wen Kou, John Krempasky, Vineet Kulkarni, Zsolt Lantos, Ken Legal, Harry J. Lehto, Robert Leyland, Mike Linnolt, Jerry Lodriguss, Hartwig Luethen, Robert Lunsford, Pierre Martin, Jose A.R. Martins, S. Maticic, Alastair McBeath, Norman W. McLeod III, Frank J. Melillo, Huan Meng, H. Mikuz, Sirko Molau, Kiyohide Nakamura, Piotr Nawalkowski, Michael Nezel, Eran Offek, Dragana Okolic, Arkadiusz Olech, Kazuhiro Osada, Alexei Pace, Arvid Parnajpye, Natasa Petelin, Ulhas Pradhan, Szaniszlo Prohaszka, Mayuresh Prabhune, Nilesh V. Puntambekar, Tushar Purohit, Janne Pyykkoe, Guo-ming Qin, Francisco A. Rodriguez Ramirez, Gaurav Rathode, Gilberto Klar Renner, Kulkarni Rhishikesh, Elaina Runge, Karl Runge, Manuel S. Ruiz, Victor R. Ruiz, Carlos Saraiva, Hideko Sato, Mikiya Sato, Tomoko Sato, Miguel A. Serra, Eini Shlomi, Brian Shulist, Yuying Song, Bjoern Soerheim, Konrad Szaruga, Richard Taibi, Kazumi Terakubo, Sanjay Thorat, Mihaela Triglav, Josep Trigo, Arnold Tukkers, Varada Vaidya, Erwin van Ballegoij, Vishnu Vardhan, George Varros, Cis Verbeeck, Jean-Marc Wislez, Anna Witas, Jonderko Wojciech, Oliver Wusk, Dan Xia, Karen Young, Ju Zhao, Jing Zhong, Jin Zhu, Xiaojin Zhu, Kamil Zloczewski.
Mark Davis was instrumental in forwarding observations sent to the Meteorobs mailing list.
Date Time (UT) Sol. long. Intervals Leonids ZHR +-
(2000.0)
---------------------------------------------------------
Nov 15 22h05m 243.848 2 11 13 4
Nov 16 03h33m 234.067 1 7 8 3
Nov 16 21h16m 234.820 6 44 20 3
Nov 17 3h02m 235.062 9 50 33 4
Nov 17 4h53m 235.141 10 74 47 5
Nov 17 6h00m 235.187 3 30 108 20
Nov 17 6h16m 235.198 3 16 66 17
Nov 17 6h36m 235.212 4 22 57 12
Nov 17 7h59m 235.270 10 117 104 10
Nov 17 9h25m 235.330 10 64 44 5
Nov 17 15h00m 235.565 7 74 50 6
Nov 17 19h22m 235.750 14 237 69 5
Nov 17 23h01m 235.903 9 164 102 8
Nov 18 00h27m 235.963 7 62 101 13
Nov 18 01h14m 235.995 15 170 161 12
Nov 18 01h47m 236.018 13 264 219 14
Nov 18 02h17m 236.040 25 496 211 10
Nov 18 02h45m 236.059 24 518 232 10
Nov 18 03h17m 236.082 31 668 236 9
Nov 18 03h46m 236.101 45 809 296 10
Nov 18 04h14m 236.121 41 827 247 9
Nov 18 04h45m 236.143 21 274 218 13
Nov 18 05h13m 236.163 17 454 225 11
Nov 18 05h44m 236.184 13 418 301 15
Nov 18 06h23m 236.212 17 401 286 14
Nov 18 07h12m 236.246 11 573 424 20
Nov 18 07h46m 236.270 20 500 354 16
Nov 18 08h16m 236.290 24 689 237 9
Nov 18 08h43m 236.310 17 229 148 10
Nov 18 09h18m 236.335 17 322 84 3
Nov 18 11h08m 236.411 13 169 41 3
Nov 18 18h06m 236.704 15 165 40 3
Nov 19 02h11m 237.044 11 52 36 5
Nov 19 08h37m 237.314 3 6 12 5
---------------------------------------------------------
ZHRs are computed with a population index of 2.0, zenithal exponent of 1.0.
---
Marc Gyssens, 2000 November 19, 23h UT.
wgn@imo.net
---
